(Return to the Table of Contents)
Update prepared by Bill Gober, 31 July 1996
Last updated by James Jennings, 28 August 2013
Column meanings:
Click on a column heading to re-sort by that column.
| LW | Punc. | Definition | Lexeme | New? | Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | or/and-or (with arguments or predicates, i.e. "terms") | A | No | 1V | |
| e | and (with terms) | A | No | 1V | |
| i | [. ] | (full stop) | I | No | 1V |
| i- | (connective prefix, as in ice) | - | No | 1V | |
| o | if and only if (with terms) | A | No | 1V | |
| u | whether (with terms) | A | No | 1V | |
| -y- | [-] | (close hyphen within words, as in mekykiu) | - | No | 1V |
| -n- | (2nd postvocalic hyphen, as in pienruu) | - | No | 2C | |
| -r- | (1st postvocalic hyphen, as in baormao) | - | No | 2C | |
| -z- | (acronymic hyphen, as in AzAzA = 'AAA') | - | No | 2C | |
| ae | Yes, I hope to | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| -ai | (Latin u.c. consonants, e.g. Kai [K]) | - latin | No | 6latin | |
| ai | Yes, I will | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| ao | Yes, I want to | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| au | I don't care | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| ea | Let's/I suggest that | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| -ei | (Latin l.c. consonants, e.g. kei [k]) | - latin | No | 6latin | |
| ei | Is that so? | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| -eo | (Greek consonants l.c. w/o gao-, u.c. with gao-. E.g., seo [σ, sigma], gaoseo [Σ, Sigma].) | - greek | No | 7greek | |
| eo | Please/May I? | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| eu | Suppose that | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| ia | Yes, that's true/Certainly | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| ie | Which/Which of..? | IE | No | 3VV | |
| ii | Perhaps | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| io | Probably | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| iu | I don't know | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| oa | I/you must | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| oe | I/you should | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| oi | I/you may | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| ou | It doesn't matter | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| ua | There! (completion/satisfaction) | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| ue | Well! (surprise) | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| ui | Good! (pleasure) | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| uo | What! (annoyance) | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| uu | Sorry!/Alas! (sorrow/regret) | UI attitudinal | No | 3VV | |
| ba | something/-one x | DA nondesignating | No | 4CV | |
| be | something/-one y | DA nondesignating | No | 4CV | |
| bi | [ = ] | is (identity) | BI | No | 4CV |
| bo | something/-one z | DA nondesignating | No | 4CV | |
| bu | something/-one w | DA nondesignating | Yes | 4CV | |
| ca | or/and-or (between words) | CA | No | 4CV | |
| ce | and (between words) | CA | No | 4CV | |
| ci | [ - ] | (open hyphen) | CI | No | 4CV |
| -ci | (connective suffix, as in aci) | - | No | 4CV | |
| co | if and only if (between words) | CA | No | 4CV | |
| cu | whether (between words) | CA | No | 4CV | |
| da | X (it, he, she, they, him, her, them) | DA designating | No | 4CV | |
| de | Y (it, he, she, they, him, her, them) | DA designating | No | 4CV | |
| di | Z (it, he, she, they, him, her, them) | DA designating | No | 4CV | |
| do | W (it, he, she, they, him, her, them) | DA designating | No | 4CV | |
| du | Q (it, he, she, they, him, her, them) | DA designating | No | 4CV | |
| fa | will/then/after.. (future tense) | PA tense | No | 4CV | |
| fe | [5] | five/five of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| -fi | (Greek vowels l.c. w/o gao-, u.c. with gao-. E.g. afi [α, alpha], gao,afi [Α, Alpha].) | - greek | No | 7greek | |
| -fi | -ly (utterance ordinals, as in nefi 'firstly') | - | No | 4CV | |
| fo | [4] | four/four of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| fu | from/by/for (2nd passive) | NU | No | 4CV | |
| ga | (predicate marker) | GA | No | 4CV | |
| -ge | (connective suffix, as in age) | - | No | 4CV | |
| ge | type of/for a | GE | No | 4CV | |
| gi | (right mark of displaced object(s)) | GI | No | 4CV | |
| go | of (inversion operator) | GO | No | 4CV | |
| gu | [, ] | (proximal right boundary marker; all clauses) | GU | No | 4CV |
| ha | is how connected to? | A | No | 4CV | |
| he | is what/a what? | PREDA | No | 4CV | |
| hi | [,] | (close comma; syllabification mark, as in Lo,is 'Lois') | - | No | 4CV |
| ho | how many? | NI query | No | 4CV | |
| hu | who/what? | DA query | No | 4CV | |
| ja | who/which is (non-restrictive) | JI | No | 4CV | |
| je | of/by/to (1st desc. link) | JE | No | 4CV | |
| ji | that is (restrictive) | JI | No | 4CV | |
| -jo | (phrase metaphorizing suffix, as in tojo = take the two previous words metaphorically) | - | Yes | 4CV | |
| jo | so to speak (metaphorizer) | JO | No | 4CV | |
| ju | among/under/via (4th passive) | NU | No | 4CV | |
| ka | either | KA | No | 4CV | |
| ke | both | KA | No | 4CV | |
| ki | or/nor/and/then | KI | No | 4CV | |
| ko | if and only if | KA | No | 4CV | |
| ku | whether | KA | No | 4CV | |
| la | the one named.. | LE | No | 4CV | |
| le | the.. | LE | No | 4CV | |
| li | quote (left mark) | LI | No | 4CV | |
| lo | the mass of.. | LE | No | 4CV | |
| lu | end quote (right mark) | LU | No | 4CV | |
| -ma | (Latin u.c. vowels, e.g. Ama [A]) | - latin | No | 6latin | |
| -ma | -00/-hundred | - digit | No | 4CV | |
| me | (extensional predifier) | ME | Yes | 4CV | |
| mi | I/me | DA personal | No | 4CV | |
| -mo | -000/-thousand | - digit | No | 4CV | |
| mu | we/us (you & I/me) | DA personal | No | 4CV | |
| na | is/now/at.. (present tense) | PA tense | No | 4CV | |
| ne | [1] | a/an/one/one of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| ni | [0] | zero/no/none of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| no | no/not/non-/It is not the case that.. | NO | No | 4CV | |
| no- | (connective prefix, as in noa, noca) | - | No | 4CV | |
| nu | -ed/un-/than (1st passive) | NU | No | 4CV | |
| nu- | (connective prefix, as in nuu, nucu) | - | No | 4CV | |
| pa | was/then/before.. (past tense) | PA tense | No | 4CV | |
| pe | of (possessive) | JI | No | 4CV | |
| pi | [.] | (decimal point) | - digit | No | 4CV |
| po | -ing (events/states) | PO | No | 4CV | |
| -po | (descriptive suffix, as in lepo) | - | No | 4CV | |
| pu | -ness (properties) | PO | No | 4CV | |
| -pu | (descriptive suffix, as in lepu) | - | No | 4CV | |
| ra | all/each/every | NI approximative | No | 4CV | |
| -ra | -some (cardinals) | - | No | 4CV | |
| re | most/most of | NI approximative | No | 4CV | |
| ri | several/a few of | NI approximative | No | 4CV | |
| -ri | -st/-nd/-rd/-th (ordinals) | - | No | 4CV | |
| ro | many/much of | NI approximative | No | 4CV | |
| ru | enough/enough of | NI approximative | No | 4CV | |
| sa | almost all/about.. | NI approximative | No | 4CV | |
| se | [7] | seven/seven of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| -si | (Latin l.c. vowels, e.g. asi [a]) | - latin | No | 6latin | |
| si | at most/at most one of.. | NI approximative | No | 4CV | |
| so | [6] | six/six of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| su | some/some of/at least/at least one of.. | NI approximative | No | 4CV | |
| ta | that/there | DA situational | No | 4CV | |
| te | [4] | three/three of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| ti | this/here | DA situational | No | 4CV | |
| to | [2] | two/two of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| tu | you | DA personal | No | 4CV | |
| va | near/there | PA locative | No | 4CV | |
| ve | [9] | nine/nine of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| vi | at/in/here | PA locative | No | 4CV | |
| vo | [8] | eight/eight of | NI digit | No | 4CV |
| vu | far from/away | PA locative | No | 4CV | |
| -za | (medium interval) | - | No | 4CV | |
| -za | (quoting-word suffix; specifies spoken form of item) | - | Yes | 4CV | |
| ze | and jointly | ZE | No | 4CV | |
| -zi | (quoting-word suffix; specifies written form of item) | - | Yes | 4CV | |
| -zi | (short interval) | - | No | 4CV | |
| zo | amount of | PO | No | 4CV | |
| -zu | (long interval) | - | No | 4CV | |
| bea | for example | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| beu | Patients/Parts (case tag) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| bia | is part of | BI | No | 5CVV | |
| bie | is a member of | BI | No | 5CVV | |
| biu | it is possible that | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| bua | is P/is a P (1st bound predicate variable) | PREDA | No | 5CVV | |
| bui | is Q/is a Q (2nd bound predicate variable) | PREDA | No | 5CVV | |
| buo | however/on the contrary | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| cao | (emphasize next word) | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| cau | Quantities/Values (case tag) | DIO | Yes | 5CVV | |
| cea | that is/in other words | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| ceu | anyway/in any case | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| cia | similarly | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| cie | [ < ] | is less than | BI | No | 5CVV |
| cio | [ > ] | is greater than | BI | No | 5CVV |
| ciu | as much as/to the same degree as ('equality' modal) | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| coa | in short/summarizing | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| coi | according to rule/method/authority.. | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| cui | (left mark of a left connectand in word-strings) | CUI | No | 5CVV | |
| dau | it is probable that | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| die | (affectionate attitudinal) | UI attitudinal | Yes | 5CVV | |
| dii | for/on behalf of.. | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| dio | Destinations/Receivers (case tag) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| dou | given/by hypothesis | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| dua | is/does the former (the 2nd free predicate variable) | PREDA | Yes | 5CVV | |
| dui | is/does the latter (the 1st free predicate variable) | PREDA | Yes | 5CVV | |
| duo | in manner/by method.. | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| fae | and vice versa | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| fao | finally/in conclusion | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| feu | in fact/actually | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| fia | will be..-ing/since/ever since | PA tense | No | 5CVV | |
| fie | (friendly attitudinal) | UI attitudinal | Yes | 5CVV | |
| foa | Wholes/Sets (case tag) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| fua | will habitually.. | PA tense | No | 5CVV | |
| fuo | (reflexive conversion for 4rd argument) | NU | Yes | 5CVV | |
| gao- | (Greek u.c. letterword prefix, as in gaoseo [Σ, Sigma].) | - greek | No | 7greek | |
| gau | (strong potentiality marker) | PA modal | Yes | 5CVV | |
| gea | again/I repeat | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| geu | (right mark of a ge-group) | GEU | Yes | 5CVV | |
| gia | is..-ing; continuous in a time-free sense | PA time-free | No | 5CVV | |
| gie | [[] | (left close bracket) (math) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| giu | []] | (right close bracket) (math) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| goa | Greaters (in greater/lesser than relations, case tag) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| goi | (right mark of a sentence quantifier) | GI | No | 5CVV | |
| gua | does..; habitual in a time-free sense | PA time-free | No | 5CVV | |
| gue | (right boundary mark for je/jue-phrases only) | GUE | No | 5CVV | |
| gui | (right boundary mark for ji/ja/jiV/jaV-phrases only) | GUI | No | 5CVV | |
| guo | (right boundary mark for lepo-type clauses only) | GUO | No | 5CVV | |
| guu | (right boundary mark for termsets only) | GUU | Yes | 5CVV | |
| hea | through../with..'s help | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| hie | [(] | (left close parenthesis) (math) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| hiu | [)] | (right close parenthesis) (math) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| hoi | Hey/O..! (vocative mark, letter opening) | HOI | Yes | 5CVV | |
| hue | (inverse vocative, letter closing) | HUE | Yes | 5CVV | |
| jae | who/which is one of (non-restrictive set membership) | JI | No | 5CVV | |
| jao | such that, incidentally, (non-restrictive clauses) | JIO | No | 5CVV | |
| jie | that is one of (restrictive set memberships) | JI | No | 5CVV | |
| jio | such that (restrictive clauses) | JIO | No | 5CVV | |
| jue | of/by/to (2nd descriptive link) | JUE | No | 5CVV | |
| jui | Lessers (in greater/lesser than relations, case tag) | DIO | Yes | 5CVV | |
| juo | (reflexive conversion for 4th argument) | NU | Yes | 5CVV | |
| kae | (courteous attitudinal) | UI attitudinal | Yes | 5CVV | |
| kao | Actors/Agents/Doers (case tag) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| kia | (delete previous word; a metalinguistic op.) | - | No | 5CVV | |
| kie | [ (] | (left open parenthesis) | KIE | No | 5CVV |
| kii | with/accompanied by.. | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| kio | (delete this utterance; a metalonguistic op.) | - | No | 5CVV | |
| kiu | [) ] | (right open parenthesis) | KIU | No | 5CVV |
| kou | because of (cause).. | PA causal | No | 5CVV | |
| kua | [/] | over/divided by.. (math) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| kue | [\] | under/dividing.. (math) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| kuo | usually/customarily | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| kuu | generally/generalizing | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| laa | the unique object which.. (if there is such an object, otherwise the empty set) | LE | Yes | 5CVV | |
| lae | the addressee of.. (indirect designation) | DIO | Yes | 5CVV | |
| lao | the one with non-Loglan name.. | LE | Yes | 5CVV | |
| lau | (introduces list of set elements) | LAU | Yes | 5CVV | |
| lea | the set of all.. | LE | No | 5CVV | |
| lee | an arbitrarily chosen object which.. (if there is such an object, otherwise the empty set) | LE | Yes | 5CVV | |
| leu | the particular set of.. | LE | No | 5CVV | |
| lia | like/as/in the way that.. | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| lie | (strong quotation mark) | LIE | No | 5CVV | |
| lii | the single character.. (character quote) | LIU | Yes | 5CVV | |
| lio | the number.. | LIO | Yes | 5CVV | |
| liu | the single Loglan word.. (word quote) | LIU | No | 5CVV | |
| loa | goodbye/farewell | UI greeting | No | 5CVV | |
| loe | the typical.. | LE | No | 5CVV | |
| loi | hello/greetings | UI greeting | No | 5CVV | |
| lou | (introduces an ordered list) | LAU | Yes | 5CVV | |
| lua | (closes list of set elements) | LUA | Yes | 5CVV | |
| lue | a sign of (the inverse of indirect designation) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| lui | for/in order to please.. | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| luo | (closes an ordered list) | LUA | Yes | 5CVV | |
| mea | (metaphorical predifier) | ME | Yes | 5CVV | |
| mia | would/should/could (subjective subjunctive marker) | PA modal | Yes | 5CVV | |
| mio | W-and-I/me | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| miu | Q-and-I/me | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| moi | because of (motive).. | PA causal | No | 5CVV | |
| mou | greater than/to a greater degree than ('more than' modal) | PA modal | Yes | 5CVV | |
| mua | X-and-we/us | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| mue | Y-and-we/us | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| mui | Z-and-we/us | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| muo | W-and-we/us | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| muu | Q-and-we/us | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| nao | (mark of new para./topic) | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| nea | [-] | negative (sign of a negative number) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| neu | Conditions/Circumstances/Fields (case tag) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| nia | is..-ing/while | PA tense | No | 5CVV | |
| nie | in detail/looking closely | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| nio | [ - ] | minus/less (sign of subtraction) | - math | Yes | 5CVV |
| niu | [*] | the incorrect Loglan.. (spoken form of '*') | LIU | Yes | 5CVV |
| noa | only if | A | No | 5CVV | |
| noe | not..but.. | A | No | 5CVV | |
| -noi | (suffix form of -no after connectives, as in anoi, kanoi) | - | No | 5CVV | |
| noo | or/otherwise | A | Yes | 5CVV | |
| nou | not..whether | A | No | 5CVV | |
| nua | habitually..-s | PA tense | No | 5CVV | |
| nue | (neutral attitudinal) | UI attitudinal | Yes | 5CVV | |
| nuo | (reflexive conversion for 2nd argument) | NU | Yes | 5CVV | |
| nuu | whether.., .. | A | No | 5CVV | |
| pae | and so forth/etcetera | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| pea | [+] | positive (sign of a positive number) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| peu | re/concerning/as for.. | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| pia | was..-ing/until | PA tense | No | 5CVV | |
| pio | [ + ] | plus/and (sign of addition) | - math | Yes | 5CVV |
| piu | in particular | UI discursive | Yes | 5CVV | |
| pou | Products/Purposes (case tag) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| pua | habitually..-ed | PA tense | No | 5CVV | |
| rau | because of (reason).. | PA causal | No | 5CVV | |
| rea | clearly/obviously | UI discursive | Yes | 5CVV | |
| rie | (respectful attitudinal) | UI attitudinal | Yes | 5CVV | |
| saa | roughly/simplifying | UI attitudinal | No | 5CVV | |
| sao | (predifies a non-Loglan word) | SUE | Yes | 5CVV | |
| sau | Sources/Reasons/Causes (case tag) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| sea | instead of/in place of.. | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| sia | thank you | UI greeting | No | 5CVV | |
| sii | apparently/evidently | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| siu | you're welcome | UI greeting | No | 5CVV | |
| soa | because of (premise).. | PA causal | No | 5CVV | |
| soi | (pseudo-onomatopoeia marker) | SOI | Yes | 5CVV | |
| sua | to the power.. (math) | - math | No | 5CVV | |
| sue | (onomatopoeia marker) | SUE | Yes | 5CVV | |
| sui | also/too/moreover/in addition/furthermore | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| suu | to the root.. | - math | Yes | 5CVV | |
| taa | in turn/in sequence | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| tao | the former situation | DA situational | No | 5CVV | |
| tia | [ * ] | times/multiplied by | - math | No | 5CVV |
| tie | with.., a tool or means | PA modal | No | 5CVV | |
| tio | the latter situation | DA situational | No | 5CVV | |
| toa | the former remark | DA situational | No | 5CVV | |
| toe | respectively | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| toi | the latter remark | DA situational | No | 5CVV | |
| tua | you-and-X | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| tue | you-and-Y | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| tui | you-and-Z | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| tuo | you-and-W | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| tuu | you-and-Q | DA personal | No | 5CVV | |
| veu | Events/States/Effects/Deeds/Means/Routes (case tag) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| via | throughout.., a medium place | PA locative | No | 5CVV | |
| vie | would/should/could (objective subjunctive marker) | PA modal | Yes | 5CVV | |
| vii | throughout.., a small place | PA locative | No | 5CVV | |
| viu | throughout.., a large place | PA locative | No | 5CVV | |
| voi | skipping details | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| zoa | ["] | double prime (math) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| zoi | ['] | prime (math) | - math | No | 5CVV |
| zou | by the way/incidentally | UI discursive | No | 5CVV | |
| zua | (tag of the normally 1st argument) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| zue | (tag of the normally 2nd argument) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| zui | (tag of the normally 3rd argument) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| zuo | (tag of the normally 4th argument) | DIO | No | 5CVV | |
| zuu | (tag of the normally 5th argument) | DIO | No | 5CVV |