INSTRUCTIONS - PAGE 1 This program works interactively, either with specimens written in by the user or with a text-file prepared by the user. To enter the text-parsing mode, press RETURN in response to the input arrow (-->) whenever it comes up. To parse a Loglan sentence created at the keyboard, just type one in in response to the input arrow and then press RETURN. If an utterance that has been typed in is grammatical, its parse tree will first be shown linearly with its various elements grouped by parentheses, brackets, and braces. If it is not grammatical, a warning to that effect will be printed, and a partial parse and diagnosis will be shown. Several other styles of parse-display are available to the LIP-user, including vertically developed trees. The complete list of available parsing styles may be examined by typing in '?' in response to the arrow. The parses of keyboard-generated sentences may be saved, in whatever style they were displayed, in a file called OUTPUT. Saving output may be toggled on or off with the command '-o'. You may press RETURN to begin parsing now, or PRESS SPACE-BAR TO READ MORE.... @ INSTRUCTIONS - PAGE 2 There are two text-parsing modes. The fastest is asking LIP to parse the whole text-file at once. During this "fell swoop" type of parsing there is no screen output except a message to that effect when the parse is done. As in all text- file parsing, LIP will create an output file that will contain all the original utterances in their original order. But they'll now be on separate lines or groups of lines followed by their parses. The only end-of-utterance sign currently recognized by LIP is the period (.); so periods should be used for nothing else...not as decimal points, for example. The text-file to be submitted should consist only of "ASCII" characters. This usually means is that no "enhancement" (underlining, bolding, etc.) is allowed. The second way of parsing a text-file is one utterance at a time. In this mode, LIP parses the next utterance in the text-file each time the user presses RETURN. Both the utterance and its parse then appear instantly on the screen. There it may be studied, and replaced or corrected if desired. The user indicates da's acceptance of an utterance by pressing RETURN. You may press RETURN now to begin parsing, or you may PRESS SPACE-BAR TO READ MORE.... @ INSTRUCTIONS - PAGE 3 New utterances may be inserted between any two utterances in a text-file. Just type the new utterance in at the arrow-prompt that marks that place, and press RETURN. The utterance to be inserted will be parsed on the screen as usual, but both it and its parse will also be saved as part of the output file. To delete an utterance from a text-file--including a new one you've just typed in--used the command -a immediately after LIP has displayed its parse. You may make corrections to any utterance, old or new, by "patching". This technique uses strokes (/) and is shown in the following example: To change: 'Le mrenu pa groda le nu no laldo botci' to: 'Le mrenu pa groda le no nu laldo botci' type: /nu no/nu no/ (and press RETURN) After insertions, deletions or corrections have been made, normal text-parsing may be resumed by pressing RETURN. You may press RETURN now to begin parsing, or PRESS SPACE-BAR TO READ MORE.... @ INSTRUCTIONS - PAGE 4 On entering the text-parsing mode, you will be asked whether you want your file parsed one utterance at a time. If you say No, LIP will parse it by fell swoop. It is amazing how swiftly LIP can parse even a very long document when it doesn't have to stand around and talk! You will also be asked what style you want the parses to appear in. The most economical parsing style is the linear one (-l) described earlier. This is the one you'll get if you press RETURN. Any other style may be specified at this time. Enter '?' either then or at the end of these instructions to see the complete list of parsing styles currently available. You will also be asked for the name of your text-file. The name 'TEXTIN' will be assumed if you press RETURN. The name you wish to give the output file will also be requested. That file will be named 'TEXTOUT' if you press RETURN. After these questions have been answered you will be invited to start the parse by pressing RETURN once again. You may press RETURN now to begin parsing, or PRESS SPACE-BAR TO READ MORE.... @ INSTRUCTIONS - PAGE 5 During interactive text-parsing, all the insertions and corrections that you make from the keyboard are automatically saved in the output file along with their parses. Whatever deletions you make are also executed in that file. But the output file will also contain the parses and will be arranged in columnar form. So you may want to have LIP prepare a new input file for you that has been stripped of the parses and put back in textual form. Any such corrected input file will replace TEXTIN unless you name it. At the end of any interactive text-parsing session in which you have made corrections or amendments, you will be given the opportunity to request this file-preparation service. Happy parsing!