1122N3M1-Text 010012 1 010012 2 010012 3 010012 4 010012 5 010012 6 040212Hompi ti Drink this! 040312Eo titci ti Please eat this. 040312Katca ta eo Watch that, please. 040312Klipu eo ti Keep, please, this. 030312Ao hompi ta I-want-you-to drink that. 040312Ae titci ta I+hope-you/wish-you-would/would-like-you-to eat that. 040312Ai-mi klipu ti I+intend-to/will/shall keep this. 030312Ai katca ta I-intend(-that)-you(*-to) watch that.|(Idiomatically: 'You're going to watch that!' Saying 'tu' is unnecessary. The imperative form includes its sense.) 040312Ai-mi katca ti I+intend-to/will/shall watch this.|(The declarative form does require a specific subject. But expressing intention works equally well with both forms.) 040012Ai I+will./shall/intend-to.|(Similar to the nautical reply 'Aye, aye, sir', a signal of an unconditional intention to comply.) 040012Ai-no [Emphasize the intention.] Certainly-not!/(No)I=will-not/won't.|(An equally firm refusal to comply.) 010012 7 030012No-ai [Emphasize the negation.] (*No,)+certainly!/I=will-not/won't. 030012Hapci Be-happy! 030212Eo skitu Please sit(down). 030312Ao kerju tu I-want-you-to take-care-of/look-after/care-for yourself./you. 030312Ai-mi kerju mi I+will/shall/intend-to take-care-of/look-after/care-for myself./me. 030212Stali eo Stand,(up) please. 010012 30 030212La-Djan\, mrenu John is/'s+a-man. 030212La-Alis\, fumna Alice is-a-woman. 030312Ti gudbi monza This is-a-good morning.|(Idiomatic: 'Good morning.') 010012 8 010312Ao-no-mi hompi ti I-don't-want-to drink this.|(I want not to drink it.) 010312Ao-no-mi helba tu I-don't-want-to help/assist you. 030212No takna Don't talk!/speak! 030312Ae-no takna mi I+hope-you-don't/wish-you-wouldn't/'d-rather-you-didn't talk/speak+to me. 030312No totco mi Don't touch me. 030312No-mi totco tu I+am/'m+not touching you. 010012 9 010012Loi\, Djim. Hello/Hi/Greetings Jim. 010012Djin\, loi Jean, hello./hi/greetings. 010012Oi resto You-may/It's-OK-if-you rest./lie-down. 010012Sia, ai Thanks, I+will./shall/intend-to. 000012Sia, ae-no Thanks, I+hope-not-to./don't-wish-to/'d-rather-not.|(Here the indicator may still precede 'no' because 'Sia' is in a sense a separate message.) 000012Sia, ae Thanks, I+hope-to./would-like-to. 000012Oi hompi You-may/It's-OK-if-you drink. 000012Sia, ao-no Thanks, I-don't-want-to. 000012Siu, Selis You're-welcome, Sally. 000012Eo mi titci ti Please,-may I eat this? 000012Oi You-may./Yes/OK/Alright/It's-OK-if-you-do. 000012No-oi You-need-not./You-don't-have-to/It's-Ok-if-you-don't. 000012Ea-mu godzi Let(u)'s/I-suggest-we go. 000012Ao OK./Fine/I-want-to. 000012Loa, Tcet Goodbye, Chet. 000012 10 000012Djan\, prano John, run! 000012Prano\, Djan Run, John! 000012La-Djan\, prano John runs./is-a-runner. 000012Prano la-Djan\, Hoi Mel Run-to John, O Mel! 000012Skesa mi\, Keit Kiss me, Kate! 000012Skesa la-Bab\, Hoi Keit Kiss Bob, O Kate! 000012Djan\, santi John, be+quiet!/silent! 000012La-Djan\, santi John is/s+quiet./silent. 000012 11 000012Le rodlu ga-gudbi le fitrua The road is/s+better-than the (foot)path.|(From 'fitpi rutma' \= 'foot-route'.) 000012Le ditca ga-fundi-mi le groda The teacher likes-me-better/is-fonder-of-me+than(of) the big-one. 000012Lo-skati ga blanu Skies/The-sky are/(i)s blue. 000012Lo-klada ga blabi Clouds are white. 000012Lo-grasa ga vegri Grass is green. 000012Lo-rozme ga redro Roses are red. 000012Lo-batra ga pelto Butter is/s yellow. 000012Lo-natli ga nigro The-night/Nights is/are black. 000012 12 000012Tu he [Translate\/d literally.] You are/re+what?|(How are you?) 000012Tu-he [Translate\/d idiomatically.] How-are-you?|(Literally, 'You're what?') 000012Mi djela I am/'m+well./fine/healthy. 000012Ta he That is/s+what?|(What's that?) 000012Da muzgi. It/X is/s+music. 000012Le cersi ga-he? The chair is/s+what?|(How's the chair?) 000012Da komfu It/X is/s+comfortable. 000012Da broda It/X is/s+broken. 000012Na lo-nerdei mu vlaci lo-resfu On/During Monday(s), we wash (the)clothes. 000012Na lo-tordei mu dramao lo-resfu On/During Tuesday(s), we dry (the)clothes.|(From 'drani madzo' \= 'dry-make'.) 000012Na lo-terdei mu klinymao le-hasfa On/During Wednesday(s), we clean (*the-)house.|(From 'klini madzo' \= 'clean-make'.) 000012Na-lo-fordei mu furvea lo-tcidi On/During+Thursday(s), we buy food.|(From 'fu vedma', 2nd converse of 'sell', i.e., one who is sold to.) 000012Na-lo-ferdei mu zanduo lo-breba On/During+Friday(s), we bake bread.|(From 'zavno durzo' \= 'oven-do'.) 000012Na-la-Sordei\, mu fa tcaro-traci (*On-)(This)Saturday, we will/'ll travel-by-car./car-travel/take-a-car-trip.|(The local Saturday. Predicates used as names are also followed by pause-commas.) 000012Na-la-Serdei\, mu fa besbo (*On-)(This)Sunday, we will/'ll play-baseball.|(The local Sunday.) 000012Lo-nermea ga-kleda Januaries/January are/is cold. 000012 31 000012Na-lo-tormea, lo-merki ga-grarisdou lo-bradei je-la-Linkyn In/During+February, Americans celebrate the-birthday of-Lincoln.|(From 'grada rispe donsu' \= 'great-respect-give'; also 'bradei' from 'brana denli'. 000012 32 000012Ti briflo na lo-termea This(place) is+windy/breezy in/during March.|(From 'brize folma' \= 'wind-full'.) 000012Na-lo-formea lo-tulpi ga-rodja vi ro gardi In/During+April tulips grow in many gardens. 000012Fa lo-fermea lo-ruski ga-godzi lo-farlai After May Russians go-to the-country.|(From 'fanra landi' \= 'farm-land'.) 000012Na-lo-sormea ro junti eurpi ga-mercea In/During+June many young Europeans get-married./marry.|(From 'merji cenja' \='married-become'.) 000012Ro nordi sitci ga-hatro na lo-sermea Many northern cities are-hot in/during July. 000012Ro surdi-sitci ga-hatro na-lo-nermea Many southern-cities are-hot in/during+January. 000012Na-lo-vormea lo-frasi ga-godzi la-Meditera'n In/During+August the-French go-to the-Mediterranean. 000012Na-lo-vermea ro-nilboi ga-fangoi lo-ckela In/During+September many-children return-to/go-back-to school.|(From 'nirli botci' \= 'girl-boy'; also 'favgoi' from 'fanve godzi' \= 'reverse-go'.) 000012Lo-clife ga-kolro-cenja na-lo-nernirmea (The-)Leaves change-colo(u)r(s)/colo(u)r-change in/during+October. 000012Na-lo-nernermea, ro-nordi-merki ga-titci lo-terki In/During+November, many-North-Americans eat turkey. 000012Na-lo-nertormea, ro-pernu ga-grarisdou lo-bradei je la-Krist In/During+December, many-people celebrate the-birthday of Christ. 000012Foba ninpai [Translate\/d literally.] (Exactly-)Four+x's/somethings(-x) are-seasons.|(There are four seasons. 'Ninpai' from 'nirne parti' \= 'year-part'.) 000012Foba ninpai [Translate\/d idiomatically.] There-are-four seasons. 000012Mu klinymao le-hasfa na-lo-dotfui We clean (the)house in/during+(*the-)spring(time).|(From 'klini madzo' \= 'clean-make', and 'dotra futci' \= 'winter-after'.) 000012Na-lo-dotra mu kizpli vi-lo-monca (*In/During)+(the)winter(s)(time), we ski on/in/at+the-mountains.|(From 'skizo plizo' \= 'ski-use', 'use skis'.) 000012Na-lo-dotra mu kizgoi lo-monca (*In/During)+(the)winter(s)(time), we ski-to the-mountains.|(From 'skizo godzi' \= 'ski-go', 'go by skis'. The sense of 'to' is conveyed by the predicate.) 000012Na-lo-dotra mu kizgoi lo-monca lo-vlako (*In/During)+(the)winter(s)(time), we ski-to the-mountains from-the-lakes.|(The sense of 'from' is also conveyed by this Loglan predicate.) 000012 33 000012Na-lo-cimra mu sucmi\, e gardykeu (*In/During+)(the)summer,(s)(time) we swim and garden.|(From 'gardi kerju' \= 'garden-care-for'.) 000012Mu futbo na-lo-cimfui We play-football/are-football(play)ers in/during+(*the)+fall./autumn.|(From 'cimra futci' \= 'summer-after'.) 000012Leva cersi ga-komfu That chair is/s+comfortable. 000012Da he komfu It/X is/s+how comfortable?|(How comfortable is it?) 000012Da nurmue komfu It/X is/s+moderately/reasonably comfortable.|(From 'nu mutce', 1st converse of 'extreme', i.e., 'less extreme than'.) 000012Le-botci ga-he sucmi The-boy is/s+what-kind-of(a)/a-what swimmer? 000012Da tarle-sucmi He/X is/s+a-tired-swimmer. 000012Ta he tcaro That is/s+what-kind-of/a-what car?|(What kind of car is that?) 000012Da meala-Ford It/X is/s+a-Ford. 000012Levi ri herba ga-he These several plants are-what? 000012Da vendu They/X are-poisonous. 000012Leva ro-junti na-he Those many-young-ones are-now-(doing)what? 000012Da na-prano They/X are/re+now-running. 000012 13 000012Hu namci tu [Translate\/d literally.] What names you?|(Idiomatic: 'What is your name?') 000012Hu namci-tu [Translate\/d idiomatically.] What is/s+your-name?|(Literal: 'What names you?') 000012Liu Djim, namci mi The-word Jim names me.|(My name is Jim.) 000012Hu peupli tu Who employs you?|(From 'pernu plizo' \= 'person-use'.) 000012La-Men Braon Mr/Man Brown. 000012La-Men Braon\, peupli tu hu Mr/Man Brown employs you for/to-do+what? 000012Mi vedma vi ne leda resfu vemsia I am/'m+a+seller/salesperson/clerk in one-of his/X's clothing stores.|(From 'vedma sitfa' \= 'sell-place'.) 000012Mi stude sui\, e rona ridle I (*a)m-a-student/study also, and often/frequently read. 000012Lemi fremi ga-ditca lo-hisri My friend teaches history. 000012Da ditca go hisri X/He/She is/s+a-teacher of history. 000012Da hisri ditca X/He/She is/s+a-history teacher. 000012Da ditca le hisri je lo-musmu X/He/She teaches the history of mice. 000012Da ditca lo-hisri lo-musmu X/He/She teaches history to-mice. 000012Levi kicmu ga-kerju lo-malbi nilboi This doctor/physician takes-care-of/cares-for/looks-after sick/ill children. 000012Levi kicmu ga nilboikiu This doctor/physician is/s+a-pediatrician.|(From 'nirli botci kicmu' \= 'girl-boy-doctor'.) 000012Lo sekre ga-turka tie lo-srimai Secretaries work on/with/at typewriters.|(From 'srite matci' \= 'writing-machine'.) 000012Leva farpli ga-rojmao lo-ritma\, e lo-misme That farmer grows/cultivates wheat and (sweet)corn./maize.|(From 'fanra plizo' \= 'farm-user', and 'rodja madzo' \= 'grow-make'.) 000012Levi stakao ga-hapduo lo stastu je la-Ceikspir This actor (*i)s-happy/enjoys/likes+doing the plays of Shakespeare.|(From 'stadi kakto' and 'stadi stuci', stage-actor and \-story, and 'hapci durzo'.) 000012Le hasfa pa nu-balci lo-mubdjimao, ze-lo-riksea, ze-lo-tubdjimao, ze-lo-ticdjimao The house was built-by carpenters, (and)(jointly)bricklayers, (and)(jointly)plumbers, and(jointly)-electricians.|(From 'briku setfa' \= 'brick-setter'.) 000012Da pa nu-balci lo-djimao ze-lo-setfa It/X was built-by joiners and(jointly)-setters.|(From 'djine madzo' \= 'join-make'.) 000012Da fulri mrenu He/It/They/X is/s/are+(*a)-rich man./men. 000012Ie da Which he?/she/it/they/X? 000012La-Men Smit Mr/Man Smith. 000012La-Fum Smit Ms/Mrs/Miss/Woman Smith. 000012 14 000012La-Bab\, na-hijra\, Fum Smit Bob is/s+(now-)here,/present/attending Ms./Miss/Mrs/Woman Smith.|(Both pauses are obligatory.) 000012Ie la-Bab Which Bob? 000012La-Bab\, bi le hapci Bob is/s the happy-one. 000012Da hapci hu He/X is/s+happy/glad+about what? 000012Le ckela The school. 000012Ie le-ckela Which (the-)school? 000012Le cninu ckela The new school. 000012Ie le-cninu ckela Which (the-)new school? 000012Leva redro briku nurbai va That red brick building (over)there.|(From 'nu balci', 1st converse of 'build', i.e., a built thing.) 000012Ta bi le cninu ckela That is/s the new school. 000012La-Selis\, pa-clucea Sally fell-in-love.|(From 'cluva cenja' \= 'lover-become'.) 000012Da pa-clucea hu She/X fell-in-love-with whom? 000012Da pa-clucea la-Alis. She/X fell-in-love-with Alice./Ali. 000012Ie la-Alis. Which Alice?/Ali? 000012La-Mohamed Alis. Moham(m)ed Ali. 000012Tu danza hu le-mozmia You want/desire what for+the-morning-meal?/breakfast?|(From 'monza milfa' \= 'morning meal'.) 000012Mi danza lo-negda, ze-lo-breba, ze-lo-grunu, ze-lo-skafi I want egg(s), (and)(jointly)bread, (and)(jointly)cereal, and(jointly)-coffee. 000012Tu danza hu le-midmia You want/desire what for+the-midday-meal?/dinner?/lunch?|('Midju milfa' \= 'middle meal'.) 000012Mi danza lo-supta, ze-lo-nikri, ze-lo-fruta, ze-lo-malna I want soup, (and)(jointly)cheese, (and)(jointly)fruit, and-(jointly)milk. 000012Tu-danza hu le natmia? You want/desire what for+the-evening-meal?/dinner?/supper?|('natli milfa' \= 'night meal'.) 000012Mi danza lo-ficli, ze-lo-palto, ze-lo-sliti, ze-lo-vinjo I want fish, (and)(jointly)potatoes, (and)(jointly)dessert/(a)sweet, and-(jointly)wine. 000012Tu-danza hu le gromia You want/desire what for+the-main-meal?/the-big-meal?/dinner? 000012Su tcidi Some(thing)/At-least-one food./edible(s). 000012 15 000012Da godzi de hu X/They/He/She/It go(*es)-to Y/it from+what/where? 000012Da godzi de la-Danmark X/They/He/She/It go(*es)-to Y/it from-Denmark. 000012Hu matma leva botci Who is/s+the-mother-of that boy? 000012Ti dui This+(*person/one) is./does. 000012Hu turka vi Who works here? 000012Ta dui That+(*person/one) does./is. 000012La-Djim\, brudi la-Stivn Jim is/s+a/the+brother-of Steven./Stephen. 000012Da sunho ne ditca He/X is/s+a/the+son-of a/(exactly)=one/1 teacher. 000012Da sunho to ditca He/X is/s+a/the+son-of (exactly)two/2 teachers. 000012Da sunho su ditca He/X is/s+a/the+son-of some/at-least-one teacher(*s). 000012Da sunho lo-ditca He/X is/s+a/the+son-of teachers. 000012La-Ruprt-Djonz\, farfu la-Meris\, e la-Selis Rupert-Jones is-the-father-of Mary and Sally.|(Both pause-commas are obligatory.) 000012La-Meris\, e la-Selis\, tciha la-Djonz Mary and Sally are+(the-)offspring-of/children-of Jones. 000012La-Matma\, ga-klinymao le hasfa Mother cleans the house.|(The local, familiar mother, as reported by an intimate.) 000012Le matma ga-klinymao le hasfa The mother cleans the house.|(As reported by an outside observer, one who does not have the right to address her as 'Hoi Matma'. No pause\-comma needed.) 000012Neba sorme la-Bab (Exactly)(one)Someone(x) is/s+a-sister-of Bob.|(Bob has a sister.) 000012Suba brudi la-Pit Someone/Some/At-least-one&(x) is/s/are+a/the+brother(s)-of Pete.|(Pete has at least one brother.) 000012Da detra ne kicmu She/They/X is/s/are+a/the+daughter(s)-of a/(exactly)=1/one doctor. 000012 16 000012Ei ti breba [Translate\/d idiomatically.] Is this bread?|(Literally: 'Is it the case that this is bread?') 000012Ei ti breba [Translate\/d literally.] Is-it+the-case/true+that this is-bread?|(Is this bread?) 000012Ia da breba Yes,/Certainly/I-agree-that it/X is/s+bread. 000012Ei ti ckela Is this a-school? 000012No. I-da hasfa No. (And-)It/X is/s+a-house.|('I' \= full stop, and seldom translated.) 000012Ei ta hasfa [Translate\/d idiomatically.] Is that a-house? 000012Ei ta hasfa [Translate\/d literally.] Is-it+the-case/true+that that is/s+a-house? 000012No-ia. I-da vemsia. No./Certainly-not. (And-)It/X is/s+a-store. 000012Ei tu cluva mi [Translate\/d idiomatically.] Do you love me? 000012Ei tu cluva mi [Translate\/d literally.] Is-it+the-case/true+that you love me? 000012Ia mi cluva tu Yes,/Certainly,/It-is-certain-that I love you. 000012Ei toi tradu Is that/this true?|('toi' refers to the last remark.) 000012Ei toa logla Was/Is that/this Loglan?|('toa' refers to an earlier remark.) 000012Ei tu saadja toi [Translate\/d literally.] Is-it+the-case/true+that you understand this?/that?|('Saadja' from 'sanpa djano' \= 'sign-know'.) 000012Ei tu saadja toi [Translate\/d idiomatically.] Do you understand this?/that? 000012No mi saadja da [Translate\/d literally.] It-is-not+the-case/true+that I understand it./X. 000012No-mi saadja da [Translate\/d idiomatically.] (No-)I-don't understand it./X. 000012 17 000012Ei-tu-pa tidjo mi Were-you heavier-than me?/I(was)? 000012Ia. I-mi mutce-tidjo tu Yes./Certainly. (And)I am-much-heavier/weigh-much-more+than you.(are/do). 000012Ei-tu na bleka mi Are-you now looking-at me? 000012No. Ibuo mi fa bleka tu No. But/However, I will look-at you. 000012Eo tu-fa helba mi Please, will-you help/assist me?|(Please, will you (later) help/assist me?) 000012Ai-mi helba tu [Intention] (Yes-)I+will/shall/intend-to help/assist you.|(Intention with 'ai'.) 000012Mi fa helba tu [Prediction] I will/shall help/assist you.|(Prediction with 'fa'.) 000012Mi groda tu fa ti I will-be-bigger-than you after this(-moment)./from-now-on.|('Fa' used prepositionally; it tenses the predicate retroactively.) 000012Nahu tu-fa groda mi When will-you be-bigger-than me?/I(am/will-be)? 000012Mi penso toi fa I will-think-about that/this later./afterwards.|('Fa' used adverbially. Again, retroactive tensing.) 000012Na la-Djan\, bleka mi When John(-does), look-at me. 000012Mi ji na\, bleka tu I, as-of now, am-looking-at you.|(The pause\-comma after 'na' is also necessary. Without it, the meaning is quite different.) 000012Mi ji na bleka tu I, who am-now looking-at you.|(This is not a sentence but a noun\-phrase, such as might be used in such sentences as the following.) 000012Mi ji na bleka tu, hapci I, who am-now looking-at you, am-happy.|(This pause-comma is discretionary. You may omit it. The sentence makes the same claim without it.) 000012Ai mi tcaro-traci [Expressing intention.] I intend-to/(*a)m-going-to car-travel./travel-by-car/take-a-car-trip. 000012Tu fa trena-traci [Expressing prediction.] You will/are-going-to train-travel./travel-by-train/take-a-train-trip. 000012La-Djan\, fa botsu-traci [Expressing prediction.] John will/is-going-to boat-travel./travel-by-boat/take-a-boat-trip. 000012Le mela-Smit\, famji fa rorpeutca-traci The Smith family will/are-going-to bus-travel./travel-by-bus/take-a-bus.|(From 'ro pernu tcaro' \= 'many person vehicle'.) 000012Ae no flebou-traci I+hope/wish/\'d-rather+you don\'t/won\'t/wouldn\'t/didn't (*go-)(travel-)by-air(plane)./airplane-travel.|(From 'fleti botsu' \= 'flying-boat'.) 000012 18 000012Ei tu stolo vi Do/Are you stay(ing)/remain(ing) here? 000012No. I-mi stolo va No. (And-)I (*(*a)m)+stay/remain&(*ing) (over-)there. 000012Ei tu stude vi Are/Do you a-student/study here? 000012No. I-mi stude vu No. (And-)I (*(*a)m-a)+stud&(*ent/y) far-away. 000012Vihu tu sonli Where/In-what-place+do you sleep? 000012Va tu Near you. 000012Vi ne groda hasfa In a/(exactly-)one big house. 000012Vahu Near-where? 000012Va la-Ditroit Near Detroit. 000012Vuhu Far-from-where? 000012Vu le mursi Far-from the sea. 000012 19 000012Ei ba breba Is some(*thing)(x) bread?|(Is there any bread?) 000012Ia. I-ba breba vi Yes./Certainly. (And-)Some(*thing)(x) is/s+bread here.|(Yes; there's bread here.) 000012Ei raba cninu vi Is every(some)(*thing)(x) new here? 000012No. I-ba no cninu vi No. (And-)Some(*thing)(x)-is/there-are-some-things(x)-that-are not new here. 000012Ei raba cluva rabe Does every(some)(*thing)(body)(one)(x) love every(some)(*thing-)(body)(one)(*else)(y)?|(The meaning of 'else' is contained in 'be', which is not 'ba'.) 000012No. I-ba no cluva rabe No. (And)(There-are)Some(x)(who) don't love every(some)(*thing-)(body)(one)(*else)(y). 000012 20 000012Ifeu ba no-cluva be (And)In-fact, (there-are)some(people)(x)(who) don't-love any(*one)(body)(-*else)(x). 000012Raba gudbi be bo Every(some)(*thing)(body)(one)(x) is/s+better-than some(*thing-)(body)(one)(*else)(y) for/at+something(w). 000012Ei raba kunci be Is every(some)(*one)(body)(one)(x) related-to some(*one)(body)(else)(y)? 000012No. I-ba kunci nibe No. (And)(there-are)Some(x)(who) are-related-to zero-somethings(y)./noone(else)(y). 000012Raba takna tie leba manko Every(some)(*one)(body)(one)(x) talks with/by-means-of his/her/their/that(some)(one)(x)('s) mouth. 000012Raba hirti tie leba sorgu Every(some)(*one)(body)(one)(x) hears with/by-means-of his/her/their/that(some)(one)(x)('s) ears. 000012Raba vizka tie leba menki Every(some)(*one)(body)(one)(x) sees with/by-means-of his/her/their/that(some)(one)(x)('s) eyes. 000012Raba totco tie leba dedjo Every(some)(*one)(body)(one)(x) touches with/by-means-of his/her/their/that(some)(one)(x)('s) fingers. 000012Raba dzoru tie leba tugle Every(some)(*one)(body)(one)(x) walks with/by-means-of his/her/their/that(some)(one)(x)('s) legs. 000012Raba sutme tie leba nazbi Every(some)(*one)(body)(one)(x) smells with/by-means-of his/her/their/that(some)(one)(x)('s) nose. 000012Raba penso tie leba berna Every(some)(*one)(body)(one)(x) thinks with/by-means-of his/her/their/that(some)(one)(x)('s) brain. 000012Lo vertebrati korti ga-katli lo-muslo ze-lo-bongu The vertebrate body has/is-characterized-by muscle(s) and-(jointly)bone(s).|(That is, by a mixture of muscles and bones.) 000012Loe primati hanco ga-katli fe dedjo The(-typical) primate hand has/is-characterized-by five/5 fingers.|(Some set of five fingers; we are not saying which.) 000012Loe humni ga-katli to hanco The(-typical) human has/is-characterized-by two/2 hands. 000012Ibuo siveba dedjo leva humni va However, (there-are-)at-most-nine-somethings(x) (which-)are/being+fingers+of/on that human (over-)there. 000012La-Djan\, godzi la-Frans John goes-to France. 000012Inusoa de godzi da ba Therefore Y/he goes there/to=X/it from+some&where./place+(x) 000012Ti vedma This(*-person)(one) sells./is-a=seller/salesperson. 000012Inusoa da vedma ba be bo Therefore he/she/X sells something(x)/some-x to-some(*one)(body)(y) at/for+some(*-price)(w). 000012Ti gudbi This(*-person)(one)(thing) is-good. 000012Inusoa da gudbi ba be Therefore he/she/it/X is/s+better-than some(*thing)(one)(body)(else)(x) at/for+some(*thing)(*-else)(y). 000012 21 000012Da cmalo ge-janto kangu X/He/She/It is/s+(a)small (*for-a-)hunting dog. 000012Da laldo ge-dorja cefli X/He/She is/s+(an)old (*for a-)war chief. 000012Da botsu go-mutce-groda X/It/She is/s+a-boat that-is-very+large./big. 000012 22 000012Da cmalo janto-ci-kangu X/He/She/It is/s+a-small hunting\-dog.|(The hyphen is necessary to translate 'ci'.) 000012Da junti famva ce terla-ci-sadji X/He/She is/s+young to-be-famous and worldly-wise. 000012Da junti ke famva ki terla-ci-sadji X/He/She is/s+young to-be-both famous and worldly-wise.|(Again, the 'ci' is essential to the Loglan meaning. If we drop it, we get a very different meaning.) 000012Da junti famva ce terla sadji X/He/She is/s+a-youthfully famous and worldly wise-person.|(Both youthfully famous and youthfully worldly for a wise person.) 000012Da junti ke famva ki terla sadji X/He/She is/s+a-youthfully both famous and worldly wise-person.|(Again, the kekked form is a little clearer.) 000012 23 000012Da bilti ge cmalo nirli geu ckela X/It is-a-beautiful for small girls' type-of school.|(A school for small girls who are beautiful. This can be more neatly said as follows\:) 000012Da bilti cmalo ci nirli ckela X/It is/s+a-beautiful small\-girls' school.|(Neatest of all, of course, is the claim with the new predicate 'cmanirli' \= 'smallgirls', as below\:) 000012Da bilti cmanirli ckela X/It is/s+a-beautiful smallgirls' school.|(And now the meaning of the last two claims is utterly clear.) 000012Da ckela go cmalo nirli go bilti X/It is/s+a-school for small girls who/that+are beautiful.|(Inversion with 'go' also makes this complex modification pattern clear. Some other claims:) 000012Da cui-bilti cmalo ca nirli ckela X/It is/s+a-beautifully small, or a-girls', school.|(Just as 'cue' is an optional right parenthesis, 'cui' is a left one.) 000012Da bilti canoi cmalo-ci-nirli ckela X/It is/s+a-beautiful if for/a+small\-girls' school.|(Again, the hyphen is required.) 000012Da bilti ce kanoi cmalo ki nirli ckela X/It is/s+a-beautiful, and, if (a-)small, then a-girls', school.|(The scope of a kek is just one predicate word on each side of its 'ki'.) 000012 24 000012Da zbuma X/It/She/He/They explode(*s). 000012Da po-zbuma X/It/They is/s+an/are+explosion(s).|(An event or events of exploding.) 000012Da po de zbuma X/It is/s+an-event/a-case+of Y(*s)/it(s) explo(*ding)(sion). 000012Da po-mrenu X/It is/s+a-manhood.|(A state of being a man.) 000012Da po de mrenu X/It is/s+an-event/a-state+of Y(*'s) manhood./being-a-man. 000012Da pu de forli X/It is/s+a/the+property/quality+of Y(*'s) strength./being-strong. 000012Da pu de forli di X/It is/s+a/the+property/quality+of Y(*'s) being-stronger-than Z. 000012Da zo de blanu di X/It is/s+an/the+amount-by-which Y is/s+bluer-than Z. 000012 25 000012Ei da fundi lo-malna Is/Are she/he/they/X fond-of milk? 000012Ei lo-nirda vi-sucmi Do birds here-swim/swim-here? 000012Ei lovi-nirda ga-sucmi Do local/the\-here birds swim? 000012Ei lovi nirda ga-sucmi vi Do local/the\-here birds swim here? 000012Ei lepo-prano pa-nardu [Translate\/d idiomatically.] Was the-run(ning) difficult?/hard? 000012Ei lepo prano pa nardu [Translate\/d literally.] Is-it+the-case/true+that the+event/state+of running was difficult?/hard? 000012Ei lopo-nilboi ga-treci [Translate\/d idiomatically.] Is childhood interesting?|(From now on, these 'lepo'- and 'lopo'-expressions will be translated idiomatically unless otherwise marked.) 000012Ei lopo-nilboi pa-treci Was childhood interesting? 000012Lopo-takna ga-proju lo-sonda Speech/Talking produces sound(s). 000012Lopo-janto ga-proju lo-mitro Hunting produces meat. 000012Lopo-cluva ga-proju lo-cinta Loving produces babies./infants. 000012Ei tu djano lepo mi stude Do you know that I (*a)m-a-student?/study? 000012Ei tu pa-djano lepo mi stude Did you know that I (*a)m-a-student?/study? 000012Ei tu pa-djano lepo mi pa stude Did you know that I was a-student?/studied? 000012Ei tu na-djano lepo mi pa stude Do you now-know that I was a-student?/studied? 000012Ei tu danza lepo-mi tcihea tu [Translate\/d idiomatically.] Do you want me-to feed you?|(I.e., help you eat? From 'titci helba' \= 'eat-help'.) 000012Ei tu danza lepo mi tcihea tu [Translate\/d literally.] Is-it-true-that you want/desire the+event/state+of my/me feeding you? 000012 26 000012Uo la-Maik\, pa-dupma mi How-annoying-that/What!/Good-grief! Mike deceived/tricked/duped me!|(Anger, annoyance.) 000012Ue tu nu-dupma How-odd-that/I'm-surprised-that/Well! you are+deceivable!/deceived/tricked/duped!|(Surprise.) 000012Ui la-Keit\, no dupma tu Happily/Fortunately/How-nice/I(a)m=glad/happy+(that) Kate didn't deceive/trick/dupe you!|(Pleasure.) 000012Ua mi no nu-dupma raba There!/You-see!/Thank-goodness(&that) I am/'m+not deceived/tricked/duped by-every(*one)(body)(x)!|(Satisfaction/completion. Loglan 'ua' is like F. 'voila'.) 000012Uu tu nu-fatru (I'm-)Sorry/What-a-shame+that you are+troubled!/bothered/annoyed!|(Sorrow/regret.) 000012Buo no mi dui [Translate\/d literally.] But it-is-not+the-case/true+that I am.|(Idiomatically, 'But I'm not.') 000012Buo no-mi-dui [Translate\/d idiomatically.] But I(a)'m-not.|(Literally, 'But it is not the case that I am.') 000012Ui tu pa no nu-fatru How-nice/Happily/Fortunately/I(a)'m=glad/happy+(that) you were not troubled./bothered/annoyed. 000012Eo no-nu-fatru mi Please don't-be=troubled/bothered/annoyed+by me!|(Don't let me bother you!) 000012Tu no fatru-mi You are-not troubling/bothering/annoying+me. 000012Levi trime ga-no-nu-plizo raba This tool is/s+unusable-by/useless-to every(*one)(body)(x).|(No one can use it.) 000012Levi-trime no ga-nu-plizo raba This-tool is/s+not usable-by/useful-to every(*one)(body)(x).|(Not everyone can use it. The difference is in the scope of 'no'.) 000012Levi-bedkru-cutci ga-no-nu-plizo raba lopo-rozduo lo-naldi This-bedroom-shoe/slipper is/s+unusable-by/useless-to every(*one)(body)(x) for-hammering nails.|(From 'bedpu kruma', and 'mroza durzo' \= 'hammer-do'.) 000012 27 000012Konduo le-batpi Count the-bottles!|(From 'konte durzo' \= 'count-do'.) 000012Ne. I-to. I-te. I-fo. I-foba batpi [Translate\/d literally.] One. And-two. And-three. And-four. And-four-somethings(x) are-bottles.|(This is grammatically one utterance because its parts are connected by 'I's.) 000012Ne. I-to. I-te. I-fo. I-foba batpi [Translate\/d idiomatically.] One. (And-)Two. (And-)Three. (And-)Four. (And-)There-are-four bottles.|(This is grammatically one utterance because its parts are connected by 'I's.) 000012Ne. To. Te. Fo. Foba batpi [Translate\/d idiomatically.] One. Two. Three. Four. There-are-four bottles.|(Another counting style. These are five separate utterances because unconnected.) 000012Hoba tugle leva-tobme [Translate\/d literally.] How-many-somethings(x) are-legs+of/on that-table?|(How many legs has that table?) 000012Hoba tugle leva-tobme [Translate\/d idiomatically.] How-many legs+has/are-on that-table? 000012Foba tugle levi-tobme Four-somethings(x) are-legs+of/on this-table.|(There are four legs on this table.) 000012Levi tobme ga-nu-tugle foba [Translate\/d literally.] This table is/s+belegged+with/by four-somethings(x).|(This table has four legs.) 000012Levi tobme ga-nu-tugle-foba [Translate\/d idiomatically.] This table has-four-legs./is-four-legged. 000012Ri mrenu pa-kamla Several/A-few men came. 000012 28 000012Iene-da bi leda-fregoi Which-one-of+them/X is/s the(*ir)/X's+leader?|(From 'frena godzi' \= 'front-go'.) 000012Le langa ce-nigro The tall/long (and)black(one).|(It is sometimes unnecessary to translate 'ce' into English.) 000012Ru fumna pa-kamla Enough women came. 000012Te-le-fo merji-fumna pa-kamla Three-of-the+four/4 married-women came. 000012Iete le-merji-fumna Which+three/3+of the-married-women? 000012Ti dalra lio-te [Translate\/d literally.] This measures/is(worth)+in-dollars (*the-number-)three./3. 000012Ta gramo lio-tema [Translate literally.] That measures/is+in-grams (*the-number-)three-hundred./300. 000012Da nirne lio-voto [Translate\/d literally.] X/He/she/it measures/is+in-years (*the-number+)eighty\-two/82.|(S/he is eighty\-two years old.) 000012Da laldo de lio-tonei/2n X/He/She is/s+older-than Y/him/her/he(is)/she(is) by(the-number)+two-years./2y.|('nei' is from 'nirne';so Loglan 'n' corresponds to English 'y'.) 000012Ti kubra ta lio-feniceimei/50cm This is-wider-than that by(the-number)+fifty-centimeters./50cm. 000012Ti skakubra lio-mei This measures/is+in-width (the-number)(one)(*a)(1)+meter./m.|(From 'skalu kubra' \= 'scale-wide'.) 000012Ti tidjo ta lio-femagei/500g This is-heavier/weighs-more+than that by(the-number)+five-hundred-grams./500-grams./500g. 000012Ti skatidjo keigei This weighs/=measures/is+in-weight (the-number)a/1/one+kilogram./kg. 000012Da pa-donsu de todai/2D+ba X gave Y two-dollars/$2+worth(of(some)(thing)(x)).|(A quantity of something that measures two dollars in monetary value. 'Lio' not necessary here.) 000012Da pa-donsu de tonei/2n+ba X gave Y two-years-worth(-of-some(thing)(x)).|(Of rent? An insurance policy? A two-year-old horse? 'Lio' not used because 'tonei' is a quantifier of 'ba'.) 000012Vedma to ta mi eo Sell two-of those to-me, please.|(This is how you ask for something in a shop or store. You don't use 'donsu' \= 'give' unless you mean it.) 000012Eo vedma fedai/5D ta mi Please sell five-dollars/$5+worth-of that/those to-me. 000012Ea furvea nemakeigei/100kg ti mi I-suggest/Why-don't+you buy (one)(*a-)(*hundred)(100)+kilograms/kg+of this/these from-me. 000012Hu nu-nirne tu eo [Translate\/d literally.] What in-years-are you, please?|(How old are you?) 000012Tu nirne hu eo [Translate\/d literally.] You are-in-years what, please?|(Another way to say 'How old are you?' 'Hu' asks to be replaced by an argument, in this case, by a designation of a number.) 000012Tu nirne hu [Translate\/d literally.] You are-in-years what?|(In this context, 'hu' means of course 'What number?') 000012Lio sofe The-number sixty\-five/65.|(Sixty\-five.) 000012Mi nirne lio-sofe [Translate\/d literally.] I am-in-years (*the-number+)sixty\-five./65.|(I am sixty\-five years old.) 000012Lio-sofe nu-nirne mi [Translate\/d literally.] (*The-number+)Sixty\-five/65 in-years-am I.|(Sixty\-five is my age.) 000012Tu laldo hu You are-older-than who?/whom?|(Not a way to say 'How old are you?') 000012Lemi merji My spouse./husband/wife.|(Literally, "my married one".) 000012Tu laldo da hu You are-older-than X/her/him/(s)he(is) by-how-much? 000012Lio-tonei/2n (*By)(the-number)+two-years./2y.|(The short answer.) 000012Mi laldo da lio-tonei/2n I am-older-than X/her/him/(s)he(is) by(the-number)+two-years./2y.|(The long answer.) 000012Mi ponsu ne cadre\, e to blusa I have/own (*a)(exactly)(one)(1) dress and (exactly)(*two)(2) blouses. 000012Mi ponsu te pantu\, e sufo skara I have/own (exactly)three/3 (pair(s)-of)pants and (*at-least-)four/4&(or-more) skirts. 000012Mi ponsu sufe gluva-tora\, e sineni cutci-tora I have/own (*at-least-)(*five)(5)(or-more) glove-pairs/pairs-of-gloves and (*at-most-)(*ten)(10)(or-fewer) shoe-pairs./pairs-of-shoes. 000012Sui mi ponsu satoni hozda Also I have/own about/approximately+twenty/20 socks./stockings/hose.|(As a prefix, 'sa' signifies an approximate number. Alone it means 'nearly all'.) 000012No rada tordjo Not all-of+them/X are+in-pairs./pair-members.|(From 'tora djori' \= 'pair-member'.) 000012Buo sada dui However/But almost/nearly+all(*-of+them/X) are. 000012Suda no tordjo At-least-one(of)+them/X is/s&n(o)t in-a-pair./a-pair-member.|('Su' alone means 'at least one'.) 000012Tu ponsu se horma\, e sanefe porju You have/own (exactly&)seven/7 horses and about+fifteen/15 pigs. 000012Lemi merji ze mi ponsu ve/9 katma\, e neni/10 kangu My spouse/husband/wife and(,-jointly,) I(-jointly) have/own (exactly&)nine/9 cats and (exactly&)ten/10 dogs. 000012Lemi merji ze mi ponsu ve/9 katma\, e neni/10 kangu [Literal.] My spouse/husband/wife and(,-jointly,) I(-jointly) have/own (exactly+)nine/9 cats and (exactly+)ten/10 dogs. 000012Ho gotca How-many goats? 000012Ni None./Zero/0. 000012Hoba pinsi vi levi tobme [Translate\/d literally.] How-many-somethings(x) are-pencils on this table? 000012Hoba-pinsi vi levi tobme [Translate\/d idiomatically.] How-many-pencils-are-there on this table? 000012No mi djano [Translate\/d literally.] It-is-not+the-case/true+that I know.|(I don't know.) 000012No-mi djano [Translate\/d idiomatically.] I+don't/do-not know. 000012Konduo da Count them./X. 000012Ne. To. Te. Fo. Fe. So. Se. Vo. Ve. Neni. Nene One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. 000012Netoba/12x pinsi [Translate\/d literally.] Twelve/12+somethings(x) are-pencils.|(There are 12 pencils.) 000012Netoba/12x pinsi [Translate\/d idiomatically.] There-are+twelve/12 pencils.|(Twelve somethings are pencils.) 000012 29 000012Da jolkeo de di X/It is/s+a(n)/the+(*clock)(*time)(interval) to/(un)til/between+Y from/since/and+Z.|(From 'jokla ckemo' \= 'clock-time'.) 000012Da jolkeo de X/It is/s+a(n)/the+(*clock)(*time)(interval) to/(un)til+Y.|(When Z is not mentioned, the most recent midnight is assumed.) 000012Da jolkeo X/It is/s+a(n)/the+(*clock)(*time)(interval).|(When Y is not mentioned, the clocktime up to the present is assumed. Whence 'X is the time now.') 000012 34 000012Hu jolkeo What is/s+the/a+(clock)time?|(What is the time now?) 000012Hu jolkeo ti What is/s+the/a+(clock)time now./to-this(-moment).|(More specific, but it still assumes that the most recent midnight is the beginning of the interval.) 000012Hu jolkeo ti le rari midnai [Translate\/d literally.] What is/s+the/a+(clock)time to-this(-moment) since/from+the-last-midnight.|(Fully specific. 'Midnai' is from 'midju natli', of course.) 000012Lio-sanefoma (The-number)About/Approximately+fourteen/1400/14/two/2+(*hundred)(hours)(o'clock)(pm). 000012Lio-sanefoteni (The-number&)About/Approximately+(*fourteen\-thirty)(1430)(hours)(h)(half-past-two-o'clock)(two\-thirty)(2\:30)(pm). 000012Lio-nefotene jolkeo ti (The-number&)Fourteen-thirty\-one(-hours)/1431(h)/thirty-one-minutes-past-two-o'clock/2\:31(pm) is-the-(clock)time at-this-moment./now. 000012Lio-sanefohei (The-number)&About/Approximately+fourteen-(hundred)hours./1400-hours/14h/two-o'clock/2pm.|(When we leave the 4\-digit convention, we must specify units.) 000012Lio-nefohei piu satenimei (The-number)&Fourteen/14+hours/h and/plus/\+ about/approximately+thirty/30& minutes./m. 000012Nahu la-Djos\, fa-kamla When+is/will Joe (be-)coming?/come?|(The following are all acceptable answers:) 000012Na la-Nefon At fourteen(-hours)(-sharp).|(The local fourteenth hour.) 000012Na la-Sanefon At about/approximately+fourteen(-hours).|(Around the local fourteenth hour.) 000012La-Nefon Fourteen(-hours). 000012Na le-nu-jolkeo-je lio-sanefoteni [Translate\/d literally.] At the-(end-of-a)(n)(clock)(*hour)(time)(interval)+measured-by/measuring/of (*the-number-)about/approximately+fourteen\-thirty./1430.+(hours.) 000012Na le-nu-jolkeo je-lio-sanefoteni [Translate\/d idiomatically.] At the-(clock)hour of-about/approximately+fourteen\-thirty./1430. 000012Lio-sanefoteni (The-number)About/Approximately+fourteen\-thirty./1430.|(Four-digit numbers of this kind are recognizably clockhours. So we can say....) 000012Na lio-sanefoteni At about/approximately+fourteen\-thirty./1430.|(This shorter expression may be used to specify the same time as the 'Na le nu jolkeo...' expression does.) 000012Na la-Sanefotenin At about/approximately+fourteen\-thirty./1430(+hours)|(Another short way of specifying time.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-nitotoni [Translate\/d literally.] This is/s+the-end-of-a(n)-(*clock)(interval)(*time)-measuring/which-measures (the-number)zero\-two\-twenty./0220(hours)/2\:20am.|(Twenty past two am.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-nitotoni [Translate\/d idiomatically.] It is/s (*zero-)two\-twenty./0220(hours)/2\:20am.|(Twenty past two am. Note that the leading zero is spoken. This helps identify the number as a time.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-nefotoni [Translate\/d idiomatically.] It is/s fourteen\-twenty./1420(hours)/2\:20pm.|(Twenty past two pm. 'Ti' may be translated as 'It' and 'nu jolkeo lio' as 'is' to get idiomatic English.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-vehei piu tonimei It is/s nine/9+hours/h plus/and twenty/20+minutes./m.|(It's nine-twenty in the morning.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-tonimei piu vehei It is/s twenty/20+minutes/m past/plus nine./9+(hours/h).|(It's twenty past nine in the morning.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-neatonimei piu vehei [Translate\/d literally.] It is/s (*a-)negative+twenty/20+minutes/m plus nine/9+hours./h.|(It's twenty before nine in the morning.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-neatonimei piu vehei [Translate\/d idiomatically.] It is/s twenty/20+minutes/m before/(un)til nine./9+(hours/h).|(It's twenty before nine in the morning.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-vehei niu tonimei It is/s nine/9+hours/h less/minus twenty/20+minutes./m.|(It's nine o'clock less twenty minutes.)  'It' and 'nu jolkeo lio' as 'is' to get idiomatic English.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-vehei piu tonimei It is/s nine/9+hours/h plus/and twenty/20+minutes./m.|(It's nine-twenty in the morning.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-tonimei piu vehei It is/s twenty/20+minutes/m past/plus nine./9+(hours/h).|(It's twenty past nine in the morning.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-neatonimei piu vehei [Translate\/d literally.] It is/s (*a-)negative+twenty/20+minutes/m plus nine/9+hours./h.|(It's twenty before nine in the morning.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-neatonimei piu vehei [Translate\/d idiomatically.] It is/s twenty/20+minutes/m before/(un)til nine./9+(hours/h).|(It's twenty before nine in the morning.) 000012Ti nu-jolkeo lio-vehei niu tonimei It is/s nine/9+hours/h less/minus twenty/20+minutes./m.|(It's nine o'clock less twenty minutes.)